{"id":5161,"date":"2025-06-05T16:24:47","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T23:24:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pxphub.org\/?p=5161"},"modified":"2025-06-27T11:23:45","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T18:23:45","slug":"how-to-read-a-scientific-paper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pxphub.org\/fr\/how-to-read-a-scientific-paper\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment lire un article scientifique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Par Dawn Richards et Jim Kempster, avec la contribution d\u2019ambassadeurs de la recherche ax\u00e9e sur le patient de l\u2019IALA des IRSC<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00c9l\u00e9ments graphiques par Tianna Magel<\/p>\r\n\t<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>La structure d\u2019un article scientifique est tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cifique, \u00e0 tel point que la plupart des revues fournissent des instructions d\u00e9taillant le contenu et les objectifs que doivent comprendre les sections des articles qui leur sont soumis.<\/p>\r\n<p>Ces articles \u00e9tant aujourd\u2019hui lus par des personnes apportant une grande diversit\u00e9 de contributions aux \u00e9quipes de recherche, des patients partenaires ont mis en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019importance d\u2019expliquer leur structure et ce que les lecteurs peuvent attendre de chaque section.<\/p>\r\n<p>Avec leur contribution, nous avons entrepris de cr\u00e9er le pr\u00e9sent document, qui s\u2019adresse \u00e0 tous types de lecteurs d\u2019articles scientifiques, en suivant la structure d\u2019un article scientifique conventionnel. Plut\u00f4t que d\u2019offrir des renseignements sur un projet de recherche, chaque section d\u00e9crit le contenu que vous retrouveriez dans la section correspondante d\u2019un v\u00e9ritable article. Des ressources compl\u00e9mentaires sont \u00e9galement fournies.<\/p>\r\n<p>Nous esp\u00e9rons que les prochains paragraphes vous aideront \u00e0 d\u00e9construire les mythes qui entourent les articles scientifiques et seront utiles \u00e0 vos travaux!<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pxphub.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/French-How-to-Read-a-Scientific-Paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tComment lire un article scientifique\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>This document explains the different sections of a scientific paper. We have laid out the sections like a &#8216;mock&#8217; paper to explain a bit about what is typically included in each section. Journals provide authors with instructions about which sections are required in different types of scientific papers. For example, a &#8216;commentary&#8217; paper might have slightly different sections than an &#8216;original research&#8217; paper. A commentary paper shares authors&#8217; thoughts on a topic but not research they have done that are backed up by existing resources and research while an original research paper shares research the authors have designed and carried out. This example covers sections that are usually in a scientific paper that reports on original research and guidance for reading these.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Titre<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Le titre de l\u2019article devrait pr\u00e9ciser la nature du sujet trait\u00e9 et contenir des mots-cl\u00e9s pertinents par rapport \u00e0 celui-ci.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Auteurs et affiliations<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>L\u2019ordre de pr\u00e9sentation des auteurs varie selon le domaine scientifique. En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la premi\u00e8re personne mentionn\u00e9e est celle qui a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 l\u2019article. Dans certains domaines, le dernier auteur mentionn\u00e9 d\u00e9signe le membre le plus chevronn\u00e9 au sein de l\u2019\u00e9quipe et responsable de l\u2019ensemble de la recherche. Toutefois, dans d\u2019autres domaines, le nom de cette personne est indiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite du premier auteur. L\u2019ordre de pr\u00e9sentation des noms du premier au dernier auteur t\u00e9moigne habituellement de l\u2019importance de la contribution de chacun \u00e0 l\u2019article. Ainsi, plus la contribution d\u2019un auteur est importante, plus son nom se rapprochera de celui du premier auteur.<\/p>\r\n<p>If authors work for an institution or a company, these &#8220;affiliations&#8221; are listed. Although patient partners may not have formal affiliations, more and more often they are being listed as &#8220;Patient Author&#8221; for their affiliation. Formally identifying patient authors helps with the science of authorship and in understanding how many patients are contributing to writing scientific papers. Any patients identified as patient authors should be asked to provide their permission to do so.<\/p>\r\n<p>When you read author affiliations, some academic institutions are better known and respected than others (rightly or wrongly). If you&#8217;re not sure about an institution or organization, you might want to do a search on it to learn more about it and how it is funded.<\/p>\r\n<p>Scientists and clinicians who work in certain industries or who collaborate with some industries also author papers, which may cause skepticism for some readers. It may be important as a reader to review the authors&#8217; conflicts of interests (this will be at the end of the paper, we call this section &#8216;Competing Interests&#8217;) and decide for yourself if you feel these conflicts may cause any biases. If you&#8217;re interested in reading more about what is called publication bias, this is a good article for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biochemia-medica.com\/en\/journal\/27\/3\/10.11613\/BM.2017.030201\" data-uw-rm-brl=\"PR\" data-uw-original-href=\"https:\/\/www.biochemia-medica.com\/en\/journal\/27\/3\/10.11613\/BM.2017.030201\">vous int\u00e9resser.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p>Usually, one author is identified as the &#8216;corresponding author.&#8217; The corresponding author is the person you can contact by email if you have questions about the paper. This is often the first author or the most senior author. Don&#8217;t be afraid to email the corresponding author to ask questions or to ask for a copy of the paper if you need to pay to access it (a paper that you need to pay to access is behind a &#8216;paywall,&#8217; whereas a paper that you don&#8217;t need to pay for is called &#8216;open access&#8217;). Many people are happy to hear directly from people that are interested in their work.<\/p>\r\n<p>If you&#8217;re interested in reading more about the requirements for authorship on a scientific paper, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors has this guidance\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icmje.org\/recommendations\/browse\/roles-and-responsibilities\/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html\" aria-label=\"If you're interested in reading more about the requirements for authorship on a scientific paper, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors has this guidance here\" data-uw-rm-vglnk=\"\" data-uw-rm-brl=\"PR\" data-uw-original-href=\"https:\/\/www.icmje.org\/recommendations\/browse\/roles-and-responsibilities\/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html\">ce sujet<\/a>. Ces lignes directrices ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9es pour les \u00e9quipes d\u2019auteurs qui sont compos\u00e9es de patients\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/researchinvolvement.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40900-020-00213-6\" data-uw-rm-brl=\"PR\" data-uw-original-href=\"https:\/\/researchinvolvement.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40900-020-00213-6\">partenaires.<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>The abstract can be thought of as a very condensed summary of what the paper is about. Often abstracts have a maximum word count in the range of 250 to 300 words. Some journals require a structured abstract, which means it has headings like: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, etc. If you skim the abstract, you should have a good idea what the paper is about and if you want to invest the time in reading the whole paper. Other people prefer to read the &#8216;Introduction&#8217; before they make that decision. There&#8217;s no &#8216;right&#8217; approach to what information you look at to help you decide whether or not you wish to read the entire paper.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple n\u2019est pas toujours exig\u00e9 par la revue qui publie l\u2019article, mais s\u2019il l\u2019est, il ne compte habituellement pas plus de 250 \u00e0 300 mots. Il doit \u00eatre r\u00e9dig\u00e9 dans un langage accessible au grand public. Son contenu ne doit pas \u00eatre identique \u00e0 celui du r\u00e9sum\u00e9, mais doit donner un aper\u00e7u de l\u2019article facile \u00e0 lire.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Introduction ou contexte<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Cette section aide \u00e0 \u00e9tablir le contexte du contenu de l\u2019article. On y traite bri\u00e8vement du domaine de recherche et de la fa\u00e7on dont le projet (ou le groupe de projets) en particulier s\u2019inscrit dans ce domaine. Par exemple, elle devrait aider le lecteur \u00e0 comprendre le domaine de fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, y compris les limites ou le bien-fond\u00e9 des travaux de recherche effectu\u00e9s. Elle devrait \u00e9galement expliquer en quoi ces travaux permettent de combler des lacunes dans le domaine ou les raisons pour lesquelles la recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e. Cette section peut aussi indiquer ce \u00e0 quoi le lecteur peut s\u2019attendre dans l\u2019article.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mat\u00e9riel et m\u00e9thodes<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Sometimes this section may just be called Methods, depending on research that&#8217;s being reported. This section describes exactly what materials were used and how the research was done and should provide enough information so that another research team could replicate the work.<\/p>\r\n<p>On devrait y trouver suffisamment de d\u00e9tails pour qu\u2019une autre \u00e9quipe de recherche puisse reproduire les travaux. Dans le cas d\u2019une recherche exp\u00e9rimentale r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en laboratoire, cette section d\u00e9crira par exemple les produits chimiques et les instruments utilis\u00e9s, ainsi que les mesures obtenues, en plus de fournir d\u2019autres pr\u00e9cisions \u00e0 propos de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience. Dans le cas d\u2019autres types de travaux, elle peut notamment pr\u00e9ciser la fa\u00e7on dont une enqu\u00eate a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e et mise en \u0153uvre, et la fa\u00e7on dont les r\u00e9ponses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillies et analys\u00e9es, ou encore dont le travail en groupes de discussion a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9. On pourra \u00e9galement y apprendre comment la recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour r\u00e9duire au minimum les risques de biais dans les r\u00e9sultats de la recherche. Si des animaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s dans le cadre de l\u2019\u00e9tude, si des participants humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 contribution ou encore si des \u00e9chantillons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s, des approbations sp\u00e9ciales pourraient devoir \u00eatre obtenues pour mener \u00e0 bien la recherche. Ces approbations seraient alors indiqu\u00e9es dans cette section.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sultats<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>La section \u00ab R\u00e9sultats \u00bb d\u00e9crit les conclusions de la recherche. Elle se compose souvent de textes, de diagrammes ou de graphiques (parfois appel\u00e9s figures) et de tableaux qui pr\u00e9sentent les donn\u00e9es de la recherche. Cette section pr\u00e9sente simplement les r\u00e9sultats plut\u00f4t que leur mise en contexte dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9tude (une information qui se trouve plut\u00f4t dans la section \u00ab Discussion \u00bb).<\/p>\r\n<p>La section \u00ab R\u00e9sultats \u00bb peut comprendre de l\u2019information sur les chiffres et les statistiques. Par exemple, on peut y indiquer le nombre de personnes qui ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ou le nombre d\u2019\u00e9chantillons analys\u00e9s. Ces chiffres peuvent \u00eatre importants pour comprendre la signification de ces r\u00e9sultats. Des termes comme \u00ab significatif \u00bb ou \u00ab non significatif \u00bb correspondent, en statistique, \u00e0 une d\u00e9finition pr\u00e9cise qu\u2019il importe de garder \u00e0 l\u2019esprit. Statistique Canada a publi\u00e9 un\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/edu\/power-pouvoir\/glossary-glossaire\/5214842-eng.htm\" data-uw-rm-brl=\"PR\" data-uw-original-href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/edu\/power-pouvoir\/glossary-glossaire\/5214842-eng.htm\">glossaire<\/a>\u00a0qui pourrait \u00eatre utile pour comprendre les termes utilis\u00e9s dans le domaine de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/edu\/power-pouvoir\/glossary-glossaire\/5214842-eng.htm\" data-uw-rm-brl=\"PR\" data-uw-original-href=\"https:\/\/www.stratascratch.com\/blog\/a-comprehensive-statistics-cheat-sheet-for-data-science-interviews\/#hypothesis_testing\">glossaire<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>This section should include all results &#8211; not just the expected or easy to interpret ones. Sometimes researchers find things they didn&#8217;t expect, and those should also be reported here.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dans certains cas, lorsque la revue l\u2019exige, les sections \u00ab R\u00e9sultats \u00bb et \u00ab Discussion \u00bb sont combin\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Discussion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>La section \u00ab Discussion \u00bb permet de mettre en perspective les r\u00e9sultats de la recherche dans le contexte plus large d\u2019autres travaux effectu\u00e9s dans le domaine. On peut aussi y proposer des interpr\u00e9tations des r\u00e9sultats \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des connaissances d\u00e9j\u00e0 acquises dans le domaine en question. Les r\u00e9sultats sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compar\u00e9s \u00e0 ceux d\u2019autres travaux publi\u00e9s sur le m\u00eame sujet. Cette section devrait donner des pistes concr\u00e8tes pour expliquer pourquoi les r\u00e9sultats sont semblables \u00e0 d\u2019autres r\u00e9sultats constat\u00e9s dans le domaine en cause ou diff\u00e9rents de ceux-ci.<\/p>\r\n<p>On devrait discuter dans cette section de tout r\u00e9sultat impr\u00e9vu ou difficile \u00e0 expliquer. Les chercheurs peuvent expliquer ce qu\u2019ils pensent de ces r\u00e9sultats et indiquer que ceux-ci pr\u00e9sentent une piste d\u2019enqu\u00eate pour des recherches futures.<\/p>\r\n<p>Selon votre relation avec le domaine de recherche ou vos connaissances en la mati\u00e8re, votre interpr\u00e9tation des r\u00e9sultats pourrait m\u00eame diff\u00e9rer de celle des auteurs, car les r\u00e9sultats de la recherche sont parfois fortement tributaires du contexte ou des perspectives. Cette section devrait \u00e9galement d\u00e9crire les limites de la recherche que les auteurs ont cern\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n<p>Il s\u2019agit en quelque sorte de d\u00e9crire ce qui circonscrit la port\u00e9e de la recherche ou les \u00e9l\u00e9ments limitatifs connexes. Par exemple, dans le cas de r\u00e9pondants \u00e0 une enqu\u00eate issus seulement d\u2019un groupe d\u00e9mographique particulier, on y indiquerait que les r\u00e9sultats ne sont pertinents que pour ce groupe. Autre exemple, si les participantes \u00e9taient des femmes adultes de la classe moyenne sup\u00e9rieure, on y indiquerait qu\u2019il est exag\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u2019extrapoler ces r\u00e9sultats aux adolescents d\u2019une classe socio\u00e9conomique diff\u00e9rente. Dans ces cas, les auteurs devraient indiquer qu\u2019il faut approfondir les recherches afin d\u2019inclure d\u2019autres donn\u00e9es pour que les r\u00e9sultats puissent \u00eatre repr\u00e9sentatifs d\u2019autres groupes d\u00e9mographiques ou plus largement applicables \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des groupes d\u00e9mographiques. Une autre limite pourrait r\u00e9sider dans le fait que seulement 10 personnes ont pu participer \u00e0 un groupe de discussion en raison du budget. Les auteurs devraient alors le pr\u00e9ciser et indiquer en quoi cette limite pourrait avoir une incidence sur les r\u00e9sultats ou sur leur g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n<p>This section might also include the authors&#8217; thoughts on what future work should be done that would further contribute to these findings, broaden them, make them more generalizable, or build on them.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>The Conclusion does not need to be a long section. It helps reinforce the main finding(s) of the research, and how the authors filled an identified need or gap that was clearly stated in the Introduction of the paper. In many cases this presents the &#8216;take home&#8217; message for readers and potential next steps.<\/p>\r\n<p>Plusieurs autres sections peuvent s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 la suite de ces grandes parties pour donner de l\u2019information suppl\u00e9mentaire au sujet de la recherche. Ces sections peuvent varier quelque peu selon la revue, mais en voici quelques-unes qu\u2019on observe souvent.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Accessibilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es et du mat\u00e9riel<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Cette section indique aux autres chercheurs s\u2019ils sont en mesure d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux donn\u00e9es et au mat\u00e9riel produits ou utilis\u00e9s par les auteurs pour leurs propres travaux. En recherche, la science ouverte est un mouvement qui vise \u00e0 rendre les donn\u00e9es et le mat\u00e9riel plus facilement accessibles aux autres chercheurs du domaine. Cette approche est utile pour faire avancer la recherche en diffusant les r\u00e9sultats et le mat\u00e9riel de fa\u00e7on transparente, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 r\u00e9duire globalement le \u00ab gaspillage d\u2019efforts de recherche \u00bb. Il peut exister des raisons valables pour lesquelles les donn\u00e9es et le mat\u00e9riel ne sont pas mis \u00e0 la disposition d\u2019autres chercheurs. En pareil <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/open-science\/about?hub=686\" data-uw-rm-brl=\"PR\" data-uw-original-href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/open-science\/about?hub=686\" target=\"_self\">cas<\/a>, ces raisons devraient \u00eatre \u00e9nonc\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Abr\u00e9viations<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>On pr\u00e9sente parfois \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019article une liste des abr\u00e9viations ou acronymes qui y sont utilis\u00e9s, ainsi que leur signification.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>This is a list of all of the scientific papers and maybe websites or other resources that the authors have referenced in writing the paper. This can be a good place to &#8216;dig&#8217; if you&#8217;re interested in exploring and learning more about topics related to the article.<\/p>\r\n<p>Voici quelques exemples de la fa\u00e7on dont les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es :<\/p>\r\n<p>1. SMITH, John, et coll. \u00abTitre de l\u2019article \u00bb, Revue, vol., no, mois et ann\u00e9e, pages.<\/p>\r\n<p>2. INSTITUT DE L\u2019APPAREIL LOCOMOTEUR ET DE L\u2019ARTHRITE. \u00abTitre de l\u2019article \u00bb, Revue, vol., no, mois et ann\u00e9e, pages.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Remerciements<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Il s\u2019agit de la section o\u00f9 l\u2019on \u00e9num\u00e8re les personnes qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la recherche et peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame \u00e0 l\u2019article, mais qui ne r\u00e9pondaient pas aux crit\u00e8res pour figurer \u00e0 titre d\u2019auteurs.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Financement<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>This section discloses which organization(s) or funding body(ies) provided funding support for the research. This might include a health funding agency, a health charity or patient organization, a philanthropic organization, industry, or other organizations. The funding source may be important to you in terms of deciding about the objectivity or the motivations behind the research. For example, if research is funded by industry, you may have concerns about potential bias or conflict of interest, or that the results that are shared are &#8216;positive&#8217; results only.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Renseignements sur les auteurs<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Generally, this section includes author affiliations and explains each author&#8217;s contribution to the work (for example, if they designed the research, carried it out, how they contributed to the manuscript, etc.). Sometimes authors are just listed here by their initials.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>D\u00e9claration relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9thique<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>While ethics approval is usually also cited in the main body of the paper, information will also be listed here about whether or not it was required for the work. Generally, research that involves human participants requires research ethics review. If ethics approval was not needed for the work, or if a &#8216;waiver&#8217; was received from a research ethics board, this is noted in this section. A waiver is a document provided by an ethics board and means the research team was permitted to do the research without receiving informed consent from participants. There may\u00a0 be a few instances where consent is not formally required, for example, if the ethics board deems the research to be of minimal risk to participants, or if obtaining informed consent is not practical for a variety of reasons.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Consentement \u00e0 la publication<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Cette section va de pair avec la d\u00e9claration relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9thique. En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, lorsque les donn\u00e9es des participants humains font partie de la recherche, ceux-ci consentent \u00e0 ce que les r\u00e9sultats soient utilis\u00e9s dans une publication. Dans certains cas, le consentement des participants n\u2019est pas obtenu, et une exemption est accord\u00e9e par un comit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9thique de la recherche. La situation serait expliqu\u00e9e dans cette section et dans celle sur la d\u00e9claration relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9thique.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Conflits d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Any potential conflicts of interest are listed in this section &#8211; these may be perceived or real competing interests, and which have the potential to create bias. For example, if an author has accepted funding from industry for the work presented or for other work they&#8217;ve done, this would be declared in this section. All authors, including patient authors, need to declare any competing interests.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Documents suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>C\u2019est dans cette section que l\u2019on mentionne les fichiers ou les donn\u00e9es qui peuvent \u00eatre t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9s ou demand\u00e9s par le lecteur. Il peut s\u2019agir d\u2019articles ou de documents utiles, mais qui ne se trouvent pas dans le corps de l\u2019article de recherche. Par exemple, ce dernier peut inclure une partie des donn\u00e9es de la recherche sous forme de tableau, sans toutefois comprendre l\u2019ensemble des donn\u00e9es ou des tableaux pour ne pas trop alourdir le texte; cette information pourrait alors \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans cette section. On pourrait \u00e9galement trouver dans cette section le texte complet d\u2019une enqu\u00eate dont les r\u00e9sultats sont r\u00e9sum\u00e9s dans l\u2019article, par exemple.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Co-Created by Dawn Richards and Jim Kempster with input from CIHR-IMHA PERA members Graphics created by Tianna Magel &nbsp; Scientific [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5164,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Read a Scientific Paper - PxP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pxphub.org\/fr\/how-to-read-a-scientific-paper\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Read a Scientific Paper - PxP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Co-Created by Dawn Richards and Jim Kempster with input from CIHR-IMHA PERA members Graphics created by Tianna Magel &nbsp; 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